Toggle each character in a string in Python

Understanding Character Toggling

Character toggling means converting uppercase letters to lowercase and vice versa.

We will explore three different methods to toggle characters in a string using Python.

Method 1: Using a Loop

This method iterates through the string and toggles each character.

def toggle_case(s):
    result = "".join([ch.upper() if ch.islower() else ch.lower() for ch in s])
    return result

s = input("Enter a string: ")
print("Toggled string:", toggle_case(s))
            

Method 2: Using Recursion

This method toggles characters recursively.

def toggle_recursive(s, index=0):
    if index == len(s):
        return ""
    ch = s[index].upper() if s[index].islower() else s[index].lower()
    return ch + toggle_recursive(s, index + 1)

s = input("Enter a string: ")
print("Toggled string:", toggle_recursive(s))
            

Method 3: Using swapcase()

This method uses Python's built-in swapcase() function.

s = input("Enter a string: ")
print("Toggled string:", s.swapcase())